Everyone can make video films as long as they know and understand the manufacturing process and how to use the equipment. As long as there is a will and the equipment is not difficult to learn. Especially now that video cameras are not foreign anymore. Even within the family scope, handycams are known, simple equipment that has been filled with several facilities.
The first thing we need to know for shooting is an introduction to the camera. The camera is an important part of taking pictures. Without neglecting the other parts, without a camera one cannot work, because it is in this camera that images and sound are recorded for production on film or video tape.
There are various types of cameras circulating, ranging from handycam cameras to professional broadcast cameras, DSLRs, Miroless, Drones, Action Cameras, Mobile Phones. Handycam cameras, also called family cameras, are mostly used for family purposes and their operation is also easy, although there are several types of camcorders that can be used for broadcast quality (such as: Sony DSR DVCam series and Canon XL-Panasonic. While professional cameras are used by professionals because of their facilities). need special facilities and knowledge about the camera itself.
Each type of camera has a different class according to their needs, but the functions and operations are not much different, only the facilities and the quality of the recordings are different.
Basically every camera consists of three main parts, namely:
1. Lens
2. Camera Body
3. Recorder/VCR
1. LENS
The lens has a function to select a certain field of view and is captured optically which produces an image and is forwarded to the surface of the camera tube (which is later changed by the camera tube again from optical to electrical).
There are several types of lenses according to their focal length. Focal length is the distance between the optical center of the lens and the point at which the image appears in focus.
There are several types of lenses, namely:
> Normal Lens
These lenses are often referred to as standard lenses. The images produced with this normal lens give the impression of being ordinary and flat. No distortion or warping effect.
> Wide Lens
It is called a wide-angle lens because the range of subjects that can be captured by the lens is quite wide, as an image by using a wide-angle lens, we don't need to take a step back because there are some parts that are not captured by the lens, especially in group shots, architecture, crowds. market, and so on.
> Telephoto Lens
Lenses with a long focal length, when using this lens the subject feels close so that the depth becomes less, the advantage is that we can record images from quite a distance but can produce images as if we were from a close distance. In addition, the use of a telephoto lens gives us the advantage of a narrow sharp space, so that we can freely localize the subject, while others will look blurry. The disadvantage is that in addition to being lacking, the slightest shake on the camera will be very visible from the recording, even though we have obtained maximum focus. To avoid camera shake, we can use a tripod or monopod.
> Macro Lens
This lens is very good for recording small objects, such as dragonflies, insects, small fruit. The focal length of a macro lens is between 55-105 mm, but in a macro lens (different from the usual lens) several types of lenses are added so that we can record images from a very close distance, and the ratio between subjects and those captured by the lens can reach 1:1.
> Vario/Zoom Lens
This type of lens is a combination of a wide-angle lens to a telephoto lens. So we no longer need to change lenses, just one lens covers all types of lenses: normal lenses, wide lenses, telephoto lenses, and macro lenses. In general, video cameras are equipped with a zoom lens.
FOCUS
We simply mean the sharpness of a point or object that we see with the naked eye. Likewise, if our eyes see an object through the camera's viewfinder, the object that appears in the viewfinder may or may not be sharp. To set the object that we see through the viewfinder looks sharp, we must adjust the focus by turning the spacer ring on the lens.
F-STOP, DIAPHRAGM
F-stop is a number that shows the ratio between the focal length and the diameter of the lens. Diaphragm / Iris is the lens opening to capture incoming light. The smaller the f-stop number, the larger the aperture/iris, and conversely, the larger the f-stop, the smaller the aperture. This diaphragm setting will also be related to the depth of field.
DEPTH OF FIELD
What is meant by sharp space is the space or area in the photo that will all look sharp. Sharp space we can set according to what we want. Sharpness is greatly influenced by how large the aperture is opened (large aperture), how many millimeters of focal length from the lens used, and the distance from the lens to the subject to be photographed. The larger the aperture and the combination of a fairly long lens focal length and shooting from a distance that is not too close, the depth of field becomes narrower.
WHITE BALANCE
One of our obligations before recording images is to set the camera's white balance first. In essence, television or video receives light from the 3 primary colors RGB, red, green, and blue. When these three colors are combined in the same ratio, it will produce white light. This white color is what we have to adjust so that white objects really look white in the camera lens. Whereas the white color when exposed to light of other colors will change slightly, such as yellowish or bluish. If it is outdoors, the colors captured by the video camera tend to be bluish. While in the room / indoor tend to be reddish. For this reason, some video cameras are equipped with color correction and white balance filters that are installed between the lens and camera tube. In general, video cameras are equipped with 2 correction filters for outdoor and indoor. But there are also those equipped with 4 types of color correction filters.
CAMERA BODY
The camera body contains a pick-up tube which functions to convert the optical image produced by the lens into an electrical signal. The camera body is usually also equipped with several camera facilities, such as white balance, steady shot, digital effects, shutter speed, and others. Depends on the type of camera and needs.
VIEWFINDER
The viewfinder is a small monitor as a window for our observer to be able to see objects that enter the camera. In general, this viewfinder is only a black and white monitor. But there are some in color like the Sony Handycam and Canon XL-1.
The viewfinder is usually accompanied by information on facilities and indicators at the time of recording, such as an indicator of the position of the camera record or pause/stand by, white balance, iris, and the battery or cassette runs out and so on.
3. RECORDER/VCR
One part of the camera is a VCR (Video Cassette Recorder) an image and sound recording device. Some cameras have separate recorders, such as the U-matic type. But there are also those that become one with the camera body. The advantages of being the only camera body with a recorder are lightness and time efficiency. Work becomes easier.
COMPOSITION
a. Walking space and Looking space
In setting the composition when we take pictures of objects or people walking, it is important to note that there is space in front of the object according to the direction of the object or person.
b. Headspace
Composition of space above the head of an object or an object.
c. In (arrive / arrival) and Out (go / departure)
Composition of an image that shows that an object is moving toward or away.
d. Golden Cut
In framing humans, care must be taken not to cut the image at the joints. If that happens, it's as if the human object we took was severed, cut right at the joint. For example, cut off the neck, wrist, elbow, or knee. In order not to seem decapitated, take the framing between the joints. For example, the hand between the elbow and wrist.
e. Rule of Third
This concept is only a benchmark in making compositions. Suppose the monitor screen is considered as a rectangular area which is divided into 3 parts.
IMAGINER LINE
Imaginary lines are used to limit the position of the camera in taking pictures so as not to jump and maintain image continuity. We can easily imagine a straight line that separates the left and right. If we place the camera on the right, then for the next shot (especially if there is not only one camera) we must also take it from the right position. Vice versa.
VIDEO CAMERA OPERATION
The average time it takes someone who learns to operate a camera from scratch to get it, the answer is it depends. Because everyone is not the same in terms of absorption and knowledge. But if you want to learn, surely gradually in a not long period of time you can also operate it properly and correctly.
Basic Camera Operation
There are various brands, shapes, and variants of video cameras. Likewise, image storage media also vary. Examples of well-known brands include: Sony, Panasonic, Phillip, Ikegami, JVC, and others. Each of these brands has various variants and shapes. Starting from amateur cameras, semi-professional, and professional cameras. Image storage media include: Betacam, Dvcam, Dvc-pro, MiniDV, or in the form of a card (memory card).
For novice / amateur users usually with auto mode is enough to get a standard image. But under certain conditions, we can't use auto mode to get the image we want. That is why professional cameramen often use manual mode in operating the camera.
To Be Continue Part @
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